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Objective To analyse the transcriptome sequencing results of Eucommia ulmoides calli under light and dark culture condition, and verify the expression level of the related genes of flavonoid biosynthesis from transcriptome sequencing results. Methods The transcriptome high-throughput sequencing of E. ulmoides calli was performed by using the Illumina HiSeqTM 2500 sequencing platform, and de novo assembly of the transcriptome sequencing results was finished by Trinity software. The sequencing results of Unigenes were compared with the databases of NR, Swiss-Prot, GO, COG, KOG, KEGG and Pfam by BLAST software. The gene expression abundance was estimated by FPKM value. qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression level of the related genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Results About 13.00 Giga base pairs (Gbp) clean data (more than 6.02 Gbp, respectively) were obtained, and de novo assembly generated 62 030 Unigenes with an average length of 736.40 bp. A total of 25 167 Unigenes were annotated to Nr. Totally 4 794 Unigenes and their associated enzymes (enzyme commission numbers) were annotated to 82 KEGG pathway. There were 1 986 genes identified as significantly and differentially expressed genes between the two calli under light and dark culture. Among them, 1 139 (57.35%) were up-regulated and 847 (42.65%) were down-regulated in the calli under light culture. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that seven Unigenes were predicted to be responsible for the flavonoid biosynthesis, six Unigenes of which were up-regulated in the calli under light culture, encoding chalcone isomerase (EC 5.5.1.6), chalcome synthase (EC 2.3.1.74), flavonoid 3’-monooxygenase (EC1.14.13.21), trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.11), Flavonol synthase (EC 1.14.11.23), shikimate-O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (EC 2.3.1.133). One Unigene was down-regulated in the calli under light culture, which encoded leucocyanidin oxygenase (EC 1.14.11.19). qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of the seven genes related with flavonoid biosynthesis was coincident with the transcriptome high-throughput sequencing results. Conclusion The white light (12 000 lx, 16 h light and 8 h dark) could improve the production capacity of some metabolic intermediate of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of E. ulmoides calli.
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Objective:To investigate the quality of 5-year medical undergraduates in China,analyze the influ-ence factors and put forward relevant policy suggestions. Method:By stratified random sampling,there are 24 medi-cal colleges or universities in northeastern, eastern, central, southern and southwestern China were included. Ac-cording to access the official websites,the enrollment data of 5-year medical undergraduates were collected. Result:The percentile of medical students'average score in entrance examination was around 33.46% ~56.32% in the first batch. There are significant difference among areas about the quality of medical undergradnates. Conclusion:At pres-ent,the quality of the 5-year medical undergraduates is good. Because high quality students unwilling to apply for clinical medicine,the quality of students declined. For this question,the suggestions are to improve enrollment sta-tus,school finical support,medical environment and doctors' welfare.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of active cycle of breathing techniques (ACBT) on respiratory complications of postoperative lung cancer patients. Methods One hundred non-small-cell lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomy or segmentectomy in thoracic surgery department from April 2012 to January 2014 were assigned into the control group , while the experiment group were paired patients from February 2014 to December 2014. We applied ACBT to the experiment group for 5 days after surgical resection and afterward compared the two groups in view of incidence of respiratory complications . Result The incidences of pulmonary infection, atelectasis and hypoxemia in the experiment group were all significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion ACBT strengthens endurance and force of patients′respiratory muscle group, and therefore reduces postoperative pulmonary complications.
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Objective To explore the quality of life and its influencing factors among permanent colostomy patients. Methods Totally 219 permanent colostomy patients were recruited by convenient sampling method from January 2013 to December 2014 and investigated by Stoma Quality of life-Chinese Version, Stoma self-efficacy Scale, Stoma Self-care Scale-general version , and demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results The score of Stoma-QoL-C among permanent colostomy patients was (54.86±12.17) points, which showed a dynamic V-type change as time went by. The quality of life of patients with colostomy for 1 to 3 years was especially low (50.46±13.77) points, P<0.01. The influencing factors of quality of life among permanent colostomy patients included self-efficacy, body image change, family members′acceptance of stoma except their spouses and self-care ability, while self-efficacy was the most important influencing factor. Conclusions The enterostomal nurses should pay more attention to the quality of life of the patients who have had colostomy for 1 to 3 years, enhance the patients self-efficacy and self-care ability, and help the patients to accept their body image changes and their family members′acceptance of stoma to improve their quality of life.
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Objective To explore the designing and delivery strategies of nursing interventions, in order to improve the design level and delivery effect. Methods We expounded the idea through litera-ture review and the author′s practical experience in research work. Results The adoption and design of nursing intervention were discussed from literature review, theoretical framework, meta- analysis, and expert opinions. Strategies were recommended for effective delivery of nursing intervention, including integrity of in-tervention, compliance of participants, and randomization of grouping. Conclusions The above strategies should be insisted to design and carry out nursing intervention research, in order to make the intervention applicable, standardized and easy to generalize in clinic.
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Objective To explore the exercise self-efficacy and its influential factors in patients having undergone total hip or knee arthroplasty.Method The Self-Efficacy Rehabilitation Outcome Scale(SER)and demographic questionnaire were used in the investigation among sixty-five patients recruited by convenient sampling.Results The average score on exercise self-efficacy was(67.94±17.22)and the influential factors included age,family income,types of surgery,whether there were monitors for their exercise and whether there were other patients communicating on exercise methods(all P<0.05).Conclusions The self-efficacy in patients after total hip or knee arthroplasty is at lower level.It is necessary to enhance rehabilitative education to improve their self-efficacy in rehabilitative exercise.
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Objective To describe the quality of life and symptom distress in esophageal cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,and explore the influence of symptom distress on quality of life.Methods The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G),M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) and demographic questionnaire were used to measure eighty-four patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Results The total average score of quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical esophagectomy was (65.95±13.76) points.There was a significanfly negative relationship between the symptom distress and the severity of symptom and quality of life.Analysis of multiple factors showed that education level and symptom distress were the included variables in the multiple regression equation of quality of life,and the R2 was 0.253.Conclusions Quality of life in esophageal cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is influenced by many factors.The nurses should take measures to manage the symptom of patients and improve the quality of life of the patients.